Who can be penalized for disclosing PHI without authorization?

The reason this answer is appropriate is that the HIPAA Privacy Rule applies broadly to any individual who may come into contact with protected health information (PHI). This includes not only healthcare providers and organizations but also their employees, business associates, and even contractors. Anyone who discloses PHI without proper authorization can face penalties under HIPAA regulations.

The penalties can range from civil liabilities to criminal consequences, depending on the nature and intentionality of the breach. This includes individuals within a healthcare organization who may improperly access or release patient information. As a result, all individuals who handle PHI are required to adhere strictly to privacy regulations to protect patients' rights and maintain the confidentiality of their medical data.